Ulcerative colitis, also known as colitis or proctitis, is a disease that can cause rectal bleeding, urgency to have a bowel movement, diarrhea, and other problems. While males and females are at equal risk for the condition, it occurs more often in Caucasians than in African Americans or Asians. It is also more common in people of Jewish descent. Doctors are not sure of the causes of ulcerative colitis, but they have theorized that it may be caused by genetic factors, environmental factors, or an overactive immune system. Medications, dietary changes, and surgery are a few of the treatment options available.